Description
17" [43 cm]. A large shorebird with a down-curved bill. Uniform brown or gray-brown above, with bold head stripes and long legs. Eskimo Curlew [Numenius borealis], now near extinction, is much smaller and more of a buff color, with a shorter, very slender, down-curved bill, cinnamon wing linings, and no bold head pattern.

Voice
A series of 5-7 loud, clear, whistled notes: pip-pip-pip-pip-pip.

Habitat
Breeds on Arctic tundra, especially near coast; coastal salt meadows, mudflats, and grassy shoreline slopes during migration.

Nesting
4 olive eggs, heavily marked with brown, in a depression in moss or in a sedge clump on the ground.

Range
Breeds in Arctic Alaska and Canada. Winters in southern California, Gulf Coast, and Atlantic Coast north to Virginia. Also in Eurasia.

Discussion
The Whimbrel is found along both coasts, as well as in the interior of the continent. It is still numerous because of its wary behavior and the remoteness of its nesting grounds on the Arctic tundra. Like many other tundra breeders, those in the East fly offshore over the Atlantic during their autumn migration to South America, returning in spring mainly along an interior route.